Moral reasoning also plays a role. Barbara Staib, director of communications at the National Association for Shoplifting Prevention, argues that self-checkouts help people justify dishonest behavior. According to her, “[The machines give] the false impression of anonymity,” and “This apparently empowers people to shoplift.” [2]. For many, stealing from a machine doesn’t feel like committing a real crime.

University of Manchester criminologist Shadd Maruna explained this mindset further:

“Individuals can neutralize guilt they might otherwise feel when stealing by telling themselves that there are no victims of the crime, no human being is actually being hurt by this, only some mega-corporation that can surely afford the loss of a few quid. In fact, the corporation has saved so much money by laying off all its cashiers that it is almost morally necessary to steal from them.” [3]

Psychologist Frank Farley from Temple University adds that personality traits also matter. He describes many shoplifters as having “type-T” (or “thrill-seeking”) personalities. For these individuals, theft makes shopping more exciting. As he explains, “These can be risk-taking, stimulation-seeking people,” [2].

Why Retailers Still Use Self-Checkout

Self-checkout systems first appeared about a decade ago, and initial customer backlash caused many stores to remove them. Recently, however, retailers have returned to them for several reasons. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, low unemployment made hiring difficult. At the same time, brick-and-mortar stores were losing customers to online shopping, while consumers were becoming more comfortable interacting with machines instead of people.